Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Colon Cancer



Vocabulary
digestive system [dahy-jes-tiv] [sis-tuh m]
Rectal cancer [rek-tl] [kan-ser]
colorectal cancer [koh-luh-rek-tl] [kan-ser]
benign [bih-nahyn]
adenomatous polyps [ad-n-oh-muht-uhs] [pol-ips] 
malignant [muh-lig-nuh nt]
tissues [tish-ooz]colon  [koh-luh n]
rectum  [rek-tuh m]
prognosis [prog-noh-sis]
rectum [rek-tuh m]
lymph nodes [limf] [nohdz]
chemotherapy [kee-moh-ther-uh-pee]
metastasize [muh-tas-tuh-sahyz]
cancerous [kan-ser-uhs] 
prostate cancer [pros-teyt] [kan-ser] 
precancerous polyps [pree-kan-ser-uh s] [pol-ips] 
colon cancer [koh-luh n] [kan-ser] 
anus [ey-nuh s]  
symptoms [simp-tuh mz]
Fluorouracil (5-FU) [flohr-r-uh-yoo r-uh-sil] [fahyv] [ef] [yoo]
Leucovorin \lü-ˈkäv-ə-rən\
Oxaliplatin [ox AL i PLA tin]
Capecitabine (KAP-e-SYE-ta-been)
Irinotecan (EYE-ri-noe-TEE-kan)

 Definition
By Mayo Clinic Staff

Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last several inches of the colon. Together, they're often referred to as colorectal cancers.
Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over time some of these polyps become colon cancers.
Polyps may be small and produce few, if any, symptoms. For this reason, doctors recommend regular screening tests to help prevent colon cancer by identifying polyps before they become colon cancer.

General Information About Colon Cancer




KEY POINTS
  • Colon cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the colon.
  • Health history can affect the risk of developing colon cancer.
  • Signs of colon cancer include blood in the stool or a change in bowel habits.
  • Tests that examine the colon and rectum are used to detect (find) and diagnose colon cancer.
  • Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Overview
Colorectal cancer, or colon cancer, occurs in the colon or rectum. As the graphic below shows, the colon is the large intestine or large bowel. The rectum is the passageway that connects the colon to the anus.
Colon cancer, when discovered early, is highly treatable. Even if it spreads into nearby lymph nodes, surgical treatment followed by chemotherapy is highly successful. In the most difficult cases — when the cancer has metastasized to the liver, lungs or other sites — treatment can prolong and add to one’s quality of life.



Most colon cancers develop first as colorectal polyps, which are abnormal growths inside the colon or rectum that may later become cancerous.



Colon cancer affects men and women of all racial and ethnic groups, and is most often found in people 50 years or older. It is the third most common cancer in the United States, behind only lung and prostate cancers in men and lung and breast cancers in women, and the second leading cause of cancer death.
In fact, it is estimated that in 2013, 50,830 people will die of colon cancer. But the truth is: it doesn't have to be this way. If everyone 50 years or older had a regular screening test, as many as 80% of deaths from colon cancer could be prevented. View more colon cancer statistics.
Colon cancer screening saves lives. Screening detects precancerous polyps and allows them to be removed before turning into cancer. Screening also helps find colon cancer at an early stage, when treatment often leads to a cure. So please, take control of your life and your health – if you’re turning 50 or are experiencing abnormal symptoms, GET SCREENED. And urge those you love to do the same.



Medication
Chemotherapy is the use of medicines to control the cancer's growth or relieve symptoms. Often the medicines are given through a needle in your vein. Your blood vessels carry the medicines through your body. Sometimes the medicines are available as pills. And sometimes they are given as a shot, or injection.
Several medicines are used to treat colorectal cancer. There are also several medicines available for treating side effects.

Medicine choices

A combination of drugs often works better than a single drug in treating colorectal cancer. The most commonly used drugs are:
Hair loss can be a common side effect with some types of chemotherapy. But hair loss usually isn't a side effect of these drugs.


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1 comment:

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